• Knights are always either "Chevalier" or "Dame" plus the first or last name; very few Knights hold the title "Sir," but remember that the "Sir" is attached to the first name, not the last. Almost all persons present will hold knighthood in a Chivalric Order.
  

• Barons, Viscounts, Counts, Marquis and their feminine equivalents are always "Your Excellency" (except in Britain where they are "My Lord/Lady"); this title can be used to address this nobility without using the place name. Further, you may use the title, as, for example, "Duke Patrick" or "Count Patrick" Also, the simple title of Duke or Count can be used in direct address, as in "I am pleased to meet you, Count." Note that titles are, in fact, derived from addresses and are not used with family or first names; it's " Duke Patrick" or "Count Samraj".
  

• Dukes and Duchesses are addressed as "Your Grace"; this title can be used to address this nobility. Also, the address "Duke" plus the ducal place name can be used.
  

• Western Rite Bishops are addressed as "Your Grace." Eastern Rite Bishops have varying titles, so listen for the correct religious address. If using the first or last name, also use the title, as, for example, "Bishop William" or "Bishop Smith" Priests are addressed as "Father" alone or with the first or last name. Clergy, generally, can be identified because they are wearing clerical collars.
  

• the Prince (or Princess) is initially addressed as "Your Highness," and the King (or Queen) is initially addressed as "Your Majesty." Then, in subsequent conversation, "Sir" or "Ma'am" are used, with an occasional repeat use of "Your Highness/Majesty." The familiar "you" must not be used. The title "Ma'am" is NOT pronounced "marm," as some will have it; say, "ma'em" smoothly (two syllables gives an artificial Southern accent to the word).
  

• When in doubt, the generic "Sir" or "Ma'am" will serve until the correct address can be ascertained. However, don't wait too long. If you wish to know a person's rank or title, simply ask. Furthermore, if you have forgotten a name, simply ask. You will not be thought rude. Nobles and Royals, like everyone else, also suffer from "name slippage," so if you can repeat your name in your conversation, that action will be much appreciated by others.

THE BOW/CURTSY FOR A ROYAL
The term "physical courtesy" means the bow (for men) or the curtsy (for women). Where a curtsy is not possible for the woman, as, for example, because of age or infirmity, the bow is substituted. You bow/curtsy to the Head and Chief of Arms of a Royal House and to the Head's spouse. The bow or curtsy is not exaggerated and does not call attention to it. Physical courtesy is done once upon being introduced and once upon leaving the Royal presence. Do not offer to shake hands unless the Royal offers a hand first. Generally, elected officials of the U.S. Government who are representing the U.S. government at an event and active U.S. military members in uniform who are representing the U.S. government at an event neither bow nor curtsey to Royals, but do shake hands when the Royal offers a hand. Elected officials and military persons, when not acting in official capacity, may bow or curtsey to a Royal.

GIVING THE BOW
A slight bow by the man is made from the waist while the head bows and the eyes look at the feet of the Royal. For lesser Royals, only the head bows and the eyes look at the feet of the Royal. The bow is not exaggerated, but is dignified and given smoothly and with quick deliberation.